Firearm.



M. F. SMITH.

FIREARM.

mwucmou FILED 050.10. 1909.

1,166,554. Patented Jan. 4, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1. g? I M. F. SMITH.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED 05c. 10. I909.

Patelited Jan. 4, 1916.

2 SH{ETSSHEET 2.

MORRIS FORD SMITH, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FIREARM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 4, 1916.

Application filed December 10, 1909. Serial No. 532,408.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Momns FoRD SMITH, acitizen of the United States, and resident of Philadelphia, in the Stateof Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements inFirearms, of which the following is a specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a firearm embodying my invention; Fig. 1, longitudinal view of the gun barreland cartridge magazine, partly in section; Fig. 2 is a section on theline 2-2, Fig. 1; Fig. 2 is a horizontal longitudinal section of part ofthe magazine; Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view of the frame; Fig. 4 isa detail sectional view of the breech bolt; Fig. 5 is a detail view inelevation of the striker; Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the breech bolt;Fig. 7 is a detail view in elevation of the receiver; Fig. 8 is alongitudinal section of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a sectional view on the line9-9, Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the cartridge lifting tray;Fig. 11 is an end elevation of the lifting tray; Fig. 12 is a sideelevation of the fulcrum trigger lever; Fig. 13 is a bottom plan view ofthe same; Fig. 14 is a side elevation of a fire arm embodying myinvention, parts being broken away, and Fig. 15 is a detail plan viewshowing the slot in the breech slide.

This invention relates to fire arms wherein the operations of openingthe breech. extracting and ejecting the shell of the spent cartridge,presenting a new cartridge in front of the breech closure, cocking thegun, then moving the breech closure to closed position and'introducingthe cartridge into the chamber of the barrel, are all performed byreciprocating movement of a driving connection.

The object of the invention is to greatly simplify the parts so as tocheapen the construction and render it more reliable and durable in use;also to make it more easily assembled and disassembled without the useof screws or permanent holding means.

My present invention provides a breech closure having a rotating lockingand unlocking movement and a reciprocating opening and closing movement.The breech bolt 1 is preferably constructed and arranged so that it maybe introduced into its place without the necessity of taking apart thehousing 2 in which it is mounted, further than the removal of thereceiver 3 into which it is inserted through the long opening on theunder side of the receiver. The frame is provided with a vertical lug 4,on the inner face of which is an annular boss 5, there being an opening6 through the boss and lug. The end of the receiver has a neat slidingfit around the annular boss 5. r

The striker 7 is mounted in the breech bolt 1 and is provided with ahead 8, the rear end of the striker being more or less tapered as at 9and-provided with a reduced portion 10. The breech bolt is provided witha radial locking and controlling projection or lug 11, which extendsthrough the receiver and the breech slide 12, said breech slide beingconnected to the hand-hold 13. 11 is a lug or projection extendingradially from the upper face of the breech bolt which is adapted toenter a cam groove 19f formed in the breech slide. 14 is a projection orlug extending radially from the lower face of the breech bolt and whichoperates the cartridge lifting tray 22. It will be noticed from thedrawing that the projection 11 is diametrically opposite the lug orprojection 14. This lug 11 cooperates with a cam groove 12 and rotatesthe bolt 1 when the breech slide is reciprocated by means of thehand-hold and moves into and out o a locking notch or seat 3 at thebeginning of the opening movementand at the end of the closing movement.

The breech slide is, movable relatively to the breech bolt for thepurpose of effecting the unlocking and looking movement, and thendriving the breech bolt endwise to effect the opening and closingmovements; this surrounding breech slide is constructed to completelyclose the opening through the receiver in which the locking andcontrolling projection 11 of the breech bolt works, and is also adaptedto close the joint between the parts of the gun which are separated intaking down. This breech slide 12 may. as shown in the drawing. extendforward to receive the action handle sliding on the gun, or the rod of agas driven piston suitably mounted in a cylinder provided on the forwardpart of the gun, as may be desired.

15 is the cartridge magazine, the rear end of which has a neat slidingfit in the recess 16 formed in the forward arm of the frame 2, the frontend of the magazine being supported on the gun barrel by means of theyoke or clip 17.

18 is an opening in the frame registering with the interior of themagazine.

as will be understood,

" from the magazine.

The means for transferring cartridges frcm the magazine to the receiveris so constructed that cartridges of varying lengths may be introducedinto the magazine indiscriminately without impairing the operation ofthe gun. This feature of the invention consists of a spring catch 19mounted in the opening 18 provided with a lip 20 and a projection 21extending beyond the lip, said lip 20, providing a detent for the columnof cartridges, is only moved to release a cartridge when the liftingtray-22 is in position to arrest further rearward movement of thecartridge after its release The lifting tray is pivoted to the frame at23 and is provided with a rearwardly extending arm 24 which is adaptedfor engagement with the lug 14 of the treech bolt. tray is concaved asat 25, below which depends to one side the tail 26. The downwardmovement of the cartridge tray is limited by the element 27 of the frame2, as shown in Fig. 1.

When the lifting tray is in a position to arrest further rearwardmovement of the cartridge after its release, it is so related to thedetent or projection 20 that in moving to a position in which it willreceive the cartridge, it releases the detent so that the latter mayarrest the next cartridge in the column which is pushing the releasedcartridge on to the tray; from this, it follows that whatever the lengthof the cartridge, the spring pressed plunger acting through 3 thecartridge in front of it, will advance it vious cartridge to the passinto it.

on to the tray, but in so doing the rearmost cartridge in the column isnecessarily arrested by the detent and is not released until the traymoves upward to present the prereceiver during which time a dependingportion of tail 26 of the tray closes the end of the magazine againstthe escape of the next cartridge which is awaiting the return of thetray to The tray is preferably operated by the lug 14 ofthereceding'breech bolt impinging the arm 24 of the tray beyond itsfulcrum.

Another feature of my present invention relates to the detent' and thetrigger control thereof, whereby the construction is greatly simplifiedand the trigger is forced to present the sear 28 in position to arrestthe striker 7 when the breech is open and thereafter prevent it fromreleasing the sear until the breech is closed. The scar 28 is preferablyin the form of an upwardly pressed vertically sliding bolt or pinmounted in a slideway 29 formed in the frame 2. This sear is-providedwith a socket 30,'in which one end of the fulcrum triggerlever 31 ismounted. The rear end 31 of the fulgum trigger lever-in the socket 30 isball- I aped, as-clearly-shown in Fig. 1 This The forward end of the'lever 31 is fulcrumed on the pin 31, which runs through the opening 31in said lever and is seated in the bearings 2 in the frame or housing 2.T he trigger 32 is pivoted to the frame at 33 and has a rearwardlyprojecting nose 34. The fulcrum trigger lever is provided with ears 36,between which the nose 34 of the trigger is pivoted by means of the pin35, said'fulcrum trigger lever being provided with a tail 37 carryingthe pins 37 which project through the slots 37 (one only being shown) inthe receiver, and are held depressed until the hand-hold 13 or breechslide'12 has fully completed its forward movement when they may slide upin slots 37* and permit movement of the sear, thus providing a safetycatch to prevent the accidental discharge of the fire arm. When thetrigger 32 is pulled back assuming the mechanism to be closed, theforward end of the fulcrum trigger lever 31 moves upward, therebydepressing its rear end 31 and the sear 28; unless the breech bolt isfully closed, the lever 31 cannot move to withdraw the sear and releasethe striker 7, and when the lever has been moved to release the sear',the opening movement of the breech bolt rocks the lever 31 in thedirection to again present the sear in position to engage the striker.

A further feature of the present invention relates to the take-down,according to which, as above stated, the end of the receiver has a neatsliding fit and engagement with the annular boss 5 and the magazine hasa neat sliding fit or engagement with a. recess 16 in the frame; themagazine being secured near its rear end to the barrel by means of ayoke 38 Fig. 2, so that the parts may be slid together longitudinallyinto firm embrace, whereupon a detent-lever 39 pivoted at 40 tothe frame2, near its forward hooked end 41, and having a relatively long rear endprojecting-into the trigger guard 42, will snap into engagement with theyoke 38 and thereby prevent longitudinal displacement of the parts.Thelever39 is held normally in its locked position by'means of a coilcompression spring 43, which is seated in a recess in the element 27which is a part of the frame.

Another feature of the invention consists in providing the springpressed striker 7 see Figs. 4, 5 and 6, wit-h an eccentric pin securedin the socket 7- and extending forwardly through a hole 1 in the reducedneck of the breech bolt in position to detonate rim fire cartridges,thereby leaving the center of the breech bolt for the introduction of aspring pressed ejector (not shown).

hile the foregoing is the preferred condifferently a'sto some ofits-details, form stance, the surrounding operating sleeve 12 1s notlimited in its application to a breech bolt having a rigid locking andcontrolling projection extending through the receiver, or rear end ofthe barrel, but may be utilized in connection with a reciprocatingbreech bolt connected with the breech slide through the medium of aradial screw carried by the breech slide and extending through the wallof the receiver, into a cam groove in the breech bolt, or a pair of suchradial screws extending diametrically into cam grooves on the oppositesides of the breech bolt.

The means for receiving various lengths of cartridges from the magazineand transferring them to the receiver may be em ployed in connectionwith a magazine constructed in the stock of the gun.

Furthermore, the detent for preventing longitudinal separation of theparts may be other than that already described, as for instance, a fixednotch or notched pin on the frame receiving a resilient tongue on thebarrel.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim as new therein anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is 2- 1. In a gun the combination ofa frame having an abutment for the receiver, a receiver adapted to slidelongitudinally upon the frame when assembling and to engage with saidabutment, easily releasable means for locking the receiver to the frame,a breech bolt mounted to reciprocate in said receiver and to revolvetherein for locking and unlocking, the barrel being secured to saidreceiver, a slide embracing said receiver and a slot in the slidethrough which the slide controls the breech bolt.

2. In a take down fire arm having a frame and a rotary unlocking andrecipro eating opening and closing breech bolt, the combination with astationary receiver for said breech bolt, an abutment i on the frame forrigidly engaging with the rear end of said receiver, easily releas lemeans for locking the receiver to the rame, hammer in said breech bolt,and an external breech slide embracing said receiver and having movementrelatively to the breech bolt and also with the breech bolt and meanswhereby the breech slide rotates the breech bolt unlocking it from thereceiver.

3. In a take down fire arm, having a frame with an upward projection, arotary unlocking and reciprocating opening and closing breech bolt, afiring. hammer in said breech bolt, a receiver for said breech boltrigidly engaging said projection upon said frame, easily releasablemeans for locking said receiver to said frame, and an external breechslide embracing said receiver, an opening through the receiver, aprojection on the breech bolt by means of which the 65 breech slide isadapted to unlock said breech a firing bolt from the receiver, saidprojection extending through said opening in the receiver.

4. In a take down fire arm having a. frame with an upward projection, arotary unlocking and reciprocating opening and closing breech bolt, anda firing hammer in said breech bolt, the combination with a recelver forsaid breech bolt rigidly engaging said projection, upon the frame,easily releasable means for locking said receiver to said frame, and anexternal breech slide adapted to slide longitudinally upon the receiverembracing the same, and a projection on the breech bolt projectingthrough and engaging said receiver and engaging a cam groove in theslide whereby the breech bolt actuated by said slide is adapted to beunlocked from the receiver.

5. In a gun, the combination of a frame having an abutment for thereceiver, a receiver adapted to slide longitudinally upon the frame whenassembling and to engage with said abutment, a breech bolt having rotarylocking and unlocking and longitudinally opening and closing movementsin said receiver, a sleeve surrounding the receiver, a slot in thesleeve, through which the sleeve controls the bolt.

6. In a gun having a receiver and a breech bolt rotating andreciprocating in said receiver, a projection on said breech boltextending through and working in a slot in the receiver, a sleevesurrounding the receiver engaging said projection and covering the slotwhen the mechanism is open.

7. A fire arm having a receiver and a breech closure rotating andreciprocating in said receiver to carry a firing device, a frame on topof which said receiver is fitted, said frame being provided with anabutment for said receiver for locking the parts together when assembledand with means for rotating and reciprocating said breech closure.

8. A fire arm having a receiver, a breech bolt reciprocating therein toopen and close the barrel and carrying a firing device, a sleevesurrounding the barrel and receiver and means on the breech bolt,penetrating the receiver, by which the breech bolt is ac tuated by thesleeve.

9. A gun comprising a frame, an annular boss integral with the frame,adapted to hold securely the rear end of the receiver, a breechbolt-mounted to reciprocate in said receiver, a firing pin reciprocatinglongitudinally in the breech bolt but projecting when cocked through therear end of the receiver and the frame iii position for observation, abarrel fixedly mounted in the receiver and suitable connections foreffecting the movements of the breech boltto open and close the breech.

10. A gun comprising a receiver, a barrel fixedly mounted thereon and aframe, an annular boss integral with the frame adapted receiver and aengage with said firing device to hold the to hold securely the rear endof the receiver, a breech bolt mounted to reciprocate in said receiverbetween said annular boss and the rear end of the barrel and a firingpin reciprocating longitudinally of the breech bolt, a barrel fixedlysecured to the receiver and suitable connections for effecting themovements of the breech bolt to open and close the breech.

11. In a take down gun, a frame with an upwardly projecting abutment, areceiver mounted in the frame, easily releasable means for rigidlylocking said receiver to said frame, said means comprising male andfemale portions on the abutment and on the rear end of said receiverrespectively and a detent lever for retaining said male and femaleportions in engagement, a cylindrical breech bolt mounted to reciprocatewithin the receiver, and a barrel, said breech bolt having its forwardend reduced in diameter, and said receiver having cylindrical cavitieswhich fit the different diameters of the breech bolt.

12. In a take down gun, the combination With a frame having an upwardprojection and a receiver mounted on said frame and rigidly engagingwith said projection, easily releasable means comprising a detent leverfor rigidly locking said receiver to said frame, the receiver portion ofreduced internal diameter and the rear portion of relatively largeinternal diameter, a breech bolt mounted to reciprocate in the receiverconstructed with a reduced forward end fitting the reduced portion ofthe receiver cavity with a relatively larger rear portion fitting thelarger cavity of the receiver and carrying means centrally located onthe bolt for locking the bolt inv closed position.

13. A gun having a receiver constructed with a radial slot, a breechbolt reciprocating in said receiver, said bolt having a projectionworking in said radial slot; said receiver being constructed with aslotted side opposite the radial slot, through which the breech bolt maybe introduced and a second radial projection on said bolt for actuatingit.

In a gun the combination of a frame, having a receiver abutment, areceiver detachably mounted in the frame and fitted to said abutment, afiring deviceworking through said abutment, an upwardly pressed andvertically slidingsear mounted in said frame back of the firing deviceand adjacent to said abutment and adapted to same in cocked position. l

1 5. In a gun, the combination of the receiver having a breech boltreciprocating therein and carrying a firing device; a frame upon whichsaid receiver is fitted and constructed with ceiver, and a sear having asliding bearing on' said abutment and on the frame beneath an abutmentfor said res said abutment and adapted to engage the firing device tohold the latter in cocked position.

16. In a gun, the combination of a frame having a receiver abutment,a'receiver fitted to the frame in abutment with the receiver abutmentand having a firing device working through said abutment, and a sear.mounted in said frame adjacent to said abutment and adapted to engagewith said firing device to hold the same in cocked position and a safetymeans mounted in the frame and having a pin Working through the wall ofthe frame, said safety means engaging the sear to prevent the release ofthe ring device While the mechanism is open.

In a gun, the combination of the receiver having a breech boltreciprocating therein and carrying a firing device; a

said receiver is fitted and an abutment for said re to prevent the searbeing withdrawn fromthe firing device.

18. In a gun, the combination of a frame constructed with a receiverabutment, a receiver detachably mounted on said frame and having an openrear end adapted to slide longitudinally upon'the frame into engagementwith said abutment in assembling,

said receiver and abutment being constructed to interengage to preventrelative displacement transversely, a locking seat for interlocking theframe with the forward portion of the receiver and prevent movement ofthe receiver-on the frame, and a barrel in fixed relation to,thereceiver.

19. In agun, ceiver having a breech bolt cavity, a gun barrel fixedly'connectednwith said receiver, a breech bolt mounted to reciprocate inthe receiver to open and close the chamber of the barrel, a breech slidefitted over the having a sliding bearing the combination of a rebarreland receiver adapted to reciprocate thereon, and havlng connectionsthrough which it reciprocates'the breech bolt within the receiver, aframe upon which said receiver is fitted, and adapted to slide in thedirection of the axis of the gun for assembling, said frame beingprovided with an abutment against which the rear end of the receiverabutsand with which said receiver is constructed to engage in adirection to prevent transverse displacement, a longitudinal projectionon the forward portion of the frame, to the receiver and barrelinterengaging with said projection by the longitudinal and meansin-fixed relation ingly mounted upon the movement of the receiver on theframe, and preventing transverse displacement of the forward portion ofthe receiver.

20. In a gun, the combination of the -frame having an abutment for thereceiver,

and a longitudinal projection at its forward end, a receiver adapted toslide longitudinally upon the frame and to engage with said abutmentthrough the medium of a projection on one of the parts entering a cavityof the other and also adapted to engage said longitudinal projection,means in fixed relation to the barrel and receiver engaging the forwardprojection in a direction to prevent longitudinal movement of thereceiver out of its interlocked position.

21. In a take down gun, the combination of a frame having an upwardprojection, the receiver rigidly mounted upon the frame by engaging withsaid projection, easily releasable means for locking said receiver tothe frame, the breech bolt mounted in the receiver, the barrel connectedwith the receiver, and a breech slide embracing the receiver andslidingly mounted upon the barrel and receiver, having connectionsthrough Eyliich said breech slide operates the breech 22. In a take downgun, the combination of a frame having an upward projection, thereceiver rigidly mounted upon the frame by meansof its rear end engagingwith said projection, easily releasable means for looking said receiverto said frame, the breech bolt-mounted in the receiver, the barrelsecured to the receiver, and a breech slide slidbarrel and receiverembracing the latter, having connections through which it operates thebreech bolt and looks it to the receiver.

23. In a gun, the combination of the receiver, the breech boltreciprocating in said receiver to open and close the breech, a framehaving a magazine disposed longitudinally therein with means advancing acolumn of cartridges endwise, and a lifting tray, pivoted on a pin insai frame and adapted to be oscillated from a position to receive acartridge from the magazine, to a position presenting the cartridgebetween the breech bolt and gun barrel; a depending tail integral withthe tray, adapted to close the end of the magazine against the nextcartridge said tray being provided with a rearwardly extending arm and anose forward of said pivot pin; said breech bolt being provided with alug for cooperating with said tray arm to raise the forward end of thetray into loading position during the rearward movement of said breechbolt and to cooperate with said nose to lower the forward end of thetray during the forward movement of said breech bolt.

respectively raise and 24. In a gun, the combination of the re-' ceiver,the breech bolt reciprocating in said receiver to open and close thebreech, a frame having a magazine disposed longitudinally therein withmeans advancing a column of cartridges endwise, and a lifting trayadapted to be oscillated from a position to receive a cartridge from themagazine, to a position presenting the cartridge between the breech boltand the gun barrel; said tray being provided with a rearward toe and aforward nose on its upper side and a depending tail integral with thetray, adapted to close the end of the magazine against the wnextcartridge, said breeclrbolt being provided with a lug for cooperatingwith the toe and nose on said tray to raise and lower the forward end ofthe tray respectively during the opening and closing movement of saidbreech bolt.

25. In a fire arm having a rotary unlocking and reciprocating openingand closing breech bolt, the combination with an external breech slide,of a scar, a fulcrum trigger lever controlling said sear, and meanscontrolled by the said breech slide to hold the sear, through thefulcrum trigger lever, out of actipn until the parts arelocked in firingposition.

26. In a gun the combination of a receiver, a breech bolt reciprocatingin said receiver to open and close the breech; a downwardly extendinglug on said breech bolt, a frame having a magazine disposedlongitudinally therein with means for pushing a column of cartridgesrearwardly, and a lifting tray pivoted in said frame, said tray beingprovided with a depending tail adapted to close the end of the magazineagainst the next cartridge when said tray is in the loading position; aspring catch located in said magazine having a transverse lip forintercepting rearward movement of the cartridges in the magazine whenthe tray stands in the non-loading position, a toe on said catch incooperation with said depending tail on the tray for transversely movingthe lips of said catch out of the path of the cartridges when the traystands in the loading position, said tray having an arm to the rear anda nose to the front of its pivot pin and said arm and nose cooperatingwith said bolt lug to lower the forward end of the tray during therearward and for-' ward movements of said breech bolt.

The foregoing specification signed at Wilmington, Delaware, this seventhday of 120 October, 1909.

CHARLES P. CoL'roN; WM. BUSH.

